On December 27, 2020, President Donald Trump signed H.R. 133, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, into law. Among its many provisions, this law protects patients from surprise medical bills from out-of-network providers and creates an independent dispute resolution (IDR) process to resolve billing disputes between out-of-network care providers and health plans. In an effort to promote price transparency, it also creates new obligations for health plans and care providers.